The Pre-TEOTWAWKI Communications Plan

Having good radio equipment that will allow you to both receive and send information is important for many reasons. What will you do when there is no Internet? What will you do when there is no cellphone service? How will you know what’s going on in other parts of the country, let alone the world? Radio signals don’t need an intermediary, they just bounce all over the earth and are received by radios.

It’s not even necessary that you transmit (speak) on the radio, but the information you can garner from just listening to others from far away is worth the time it takes to understand how to use a radio.

Choosing equipment

There are many ways to go in purchasing a communications radio, depending on your budget. You can buy a brand new, state-of-the-art Kenwood or I-com for example, both of which are great radios. But the expense can be quite high, typically in the many hundreds of dollars.

A less expensive, but just as viable way to go, is a free band radio. This is a 10-meter ham radio that has had additional freeband frequencies installed. This will expand coverage to include the 12, 11 (the CB frequency band) and sometimes 9 meter bands. In a converted CB radio, this is called a radio with extra channels.

A 10-meter radio is very common and inexpensive, as well as their low-rent cousins, CB radios. Many can be found on ebay for under $200 and may already have the additional frequencies installed. Also, any good SSB (single side band) CB radio can have what they call Extra Channels Added by any good tech.  CB shops at truck stops oftentimes have used free band radios for sale at good prices, but check Ebay for prices on used radios before making a purchase.

Once you have your radio, you can begin playing around with it and apply your knowledge of frequencies. This is important for planning how you’ll communicate with others. What frequences will you use and when? Your family and other group members will need to know this.

Next, the antenna

There are many different kinds of viable antennas to use with your radio, some very cheap, some very expensive.

Some of you may choose to make a wire antenna. One of the simplest wire antennas is the Inverted V, very good for long distance communications (what the radio community calls skip). The inverted V can be made for the cost of some wire and a pole. This will create the antenna itself. From this point you will have to connect your radio with the antenna with coax, or TV cable. This expense will depend on the length you need, but it’s quite inexpensive.

Others may prefer to purchase something ready made, in a box. For those of you who do, we can strongly suggest the V Quad. This is a directional aluminum antenna that sends a strong signal in only one direction. Like the directional TV antennas of past times, this antenna needs a rotor (this is a motor to turn the antenna from the radio shack or you can use the armstrong method). It is the best non-homebrew antenna that I have ever used.

Either way, when the conditions are right, you’ll be talking to the world.

When radio operators say, conditions are right they mean that the skip conditions are good, allowing the radio signals to be received over longer distances than normal. Skip is when the signal travels along a mostly horizontal plane before it eventually hits the ionosphere. Like a flat rock across a lake, the signal will skip along rather than pierce the ionosphere and go out into space. This skip can cause your signal to be received with nearly as much strength as it had when it left your antenna. The contact I had with Tokyo gave me an S10 signal strength, and that is as high as it gets. Sunspots are generally the cause for good skip conditions.

What you need to know about frequencies

Any frequency on the radio can be used in various modes, the most common being AM, Single Side Band (SSB), Upper Side Band (USB) and CW. CW means constant wave mode, which is the mode used for Morse Code and RTTY. It is possible to send several and receive multiple pages of text files via RTTY. The software needed can be found here. Radios with a CW mode like the RCI 2950 (et al.) and the Uniden HR2510 have the CW mode installed. There are other models that also have CW mode. However, no CB radios have CW mode. You can send pictures and text files to others, similar to a fax. This will be an excellent way for the people to maintain contact with others during times of crisis or total collapse.

The legal frequency range of a Citizens Band radio is 26905 megahertz through 27405 megahertz (mostly in 10 kilocycle steps per channel), covering the 40 channels of CB radio. Freebanding is when an unlicensed radio operator uses the non-allocated frequencies in the 11 meter band (CB radio and beyond). When society has collapsed, who cares who has a license?

Most freebanders use the Single Side Band (SSB) mode of these channels as opposed to the AM mode. The chatter you may have heard on channel 19 (the truckers channel) is in the AM mode. AM mode of operation is limited in range, however using the SSB mode affords greater range and more output power. A legal CB radio has 4 watts output on the AM band and 12 watts on the SSB band.

This means that when conditions are right (sunspots, etc.) SSB signals can travel greater distances than those in the AM mode. One early morning, while driving west on I-90 in Idaho, I made a contact with Tokyo, Japan using SSB and a HR 2510 Uniden radio. That was a contact of over 7000 miles with less than 20 watts of power.

If the world goes into a collapse, there will still be thousands of people using the freebands. This can be used to create a radio round-robin or relay to share information and help others.

The international call frequencies are:

27555 USB — The US and the world, except for Europe

26285 USB — Europe

Using call frequencies

First, a little bit about how to use a call frequency. A call frequency is a frequency on which we make contact with someone who would like to have a conversation with us. The parties then go to another frequency of their choice to continue the conversation. It is unlike the chatter you may have heard on the AM side CB Channel 19 and all that noise. This conversation is called a QSO.

Here’s how to initiate and conduct a QSO:
First we must wait for a moment of silence to break in and make our call. The protocol for asking for a QSO is like this:

C-Q, C-Q, NEW MEXICO CALLING AND LISTING ON 27560 is a typical call or CQ (seek-you). This tells listeners on the call frequency where to find you to have a conversation. Then we move our frequency dial to that frequency. Once there we make another call like this:

CQ CQ New Mexico calling for any and all stations. Or if your are looking to make a contact in a specific place:

CQ CQ New Mexico Calling for all stations in _____ (the place of your choosing) and standing by for contact.

Following amateur radio protocol may seem awkward at first, but generally, hams are patient with newcomers. If it helps, just listen for a while to see how the pros do it and jump in when you’re ready.

 More resources for AMATEUR RADIO:

Information compiled by Dan of Surviving Survivalism and updated by Lisa Bedford.

 

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